One of the most famous speech about freedom in our history: Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream'. Today, I shall analyse this speech to the best of my ability and let you, too, see what makes this speech so great. The full speech can be found here for reference:
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
I suggest that you open the link in another tab and read it first before reading the analysis.
'I Have a Dream' uses many stylistic devices, among them are:
- Anaphora
- Hyperbole & strong opening
- References to other speeches
- Metaphors
Anaphora:
Repetition of words or phrases.
Martin Luther King's speech's most famous anaphora would, naturally, be the phrase 'I have a dream'. This phrase is repeated a grand total of 8 times throughout the speech. However, this is not the only time King used anaphora. The other examples are:
- 'One hundred years later...' (3rd paragraph)
- 'Now is the time...' (6th paragraph)
- 'We must...' (8th paragraph)
- 'We can never be satisfied...' or 'We can never be satisfied...' (13th paragraph)
- 'Go back to...' (14th paragraph)
- 'I have a dream...' (16th to 24th paragraph)
- 'With this faith...' (25th paragraph)
- 'Let freedom ring...' (27th to 41st paragraph)
Hyperbole & strong opening:
I could only find one example of hyperbole in King's speech and that is at the beginning. "
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation." This is a very strong opening as it asserts very clearly what King is trying to achieve through his speech. The word 'greatest' is the hyperbole in this case.
References to other speeches:
King very evidently respected Abraham Lincoln as he made his speech at the Lincoln Memorial and begin his second paragraph with the words 'Five score years ago...' which echoes Abraham Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address speech beginning with the words 'Four score and seven years ago...' This is a very good choice of reference as:
- He is standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial
- He is, like Abraham Lincoln, fighting for the freedom of the Negros
Metaphors:
King was either very, very fond of metaphors or used them to paint a picture in his audience's minds. The latter seem more likely. The metaphors used are:
- 'This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.' (2nd paragraph)
- '...the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.' (3rd paragraph)
- '...the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.' (3rd paragraph)
- 'In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check... And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.' (4th to 5th paragraph. Compares the Emancipation Proclamation, freedom etc. to checks, money and banks. Not a good comparison since freedom and justice is immaterial but money is.)
- '...take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.' (6th paragraph)
- 'Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.' (6th paragraph)
- ' This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.' (7th paragraph)
- 'The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.' (7th paragraph)
Need I continue? There is a large abundance of metaphors in King's 'I Have a Dream' and to list them all would be entirely unnecessary.
This is then end of my analysis as of now. I would really like it if anyone else posta comment i they feel that I missed out something in my analysis which should be there. Till the next time.